Tag: religion
-
History of the Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment.
Key individuals who devoted themselves to scientific research introduced progress in collective thought that would change the world more than the destruction that was taking place during the years of religious warfare. These individuals saw that the books of ancient writers, especially Aristotle, which were used as textbooks in universities, were full of statements that…
-
History of the Consequences of the Protestant Reformation.
The Protestant movement led to different consequences on the course of European history. The Middle Ages essentially ended in the German states, where the Holy Roman Empire, which had already previously been an amalgamation of hundreds of regional authorities, was no longer theoretically a universal monarchy, which was further fragmented as a result of…
-
History of the Late Middle Ages.
The period from the end of the thirteenth century to the beginning of the sixteenth was mainly one of general distension. The balance between local and universal political institutions that had existed in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries was upset by the rising power of the national monarchies. At the beginning of the fourteenth century,…
-
History of the High Middle Ages. V.
A new civilisation arose in western Europe during the eleventh to the thirteenth centuries, transforming medieval society as a result of economic and religious elements. Local political and administrative systems were roughly set up on the basis of local official and dynastic traditions, and were further modified by fighting wars to compose various…
-
History of the High Middle Ages. IV.
The crusades, composing eight well-known invasions of the Holy Land in addition to many minor expeditions spanning over two centuries, were another development of the high Middle Ages that later had consequences for Europe by connecting Europe with Islamic civilization, and began to weaken the system of feudalism in Europe. This movement began during the…
-
History of the High Middle Ages. II.
Local aristocratic rulers on the European continent forcefully maintained their established regional political and economic power through armed strength, and also sought to become vassals of the emperors and also of the papacy, while ongoing warfare threatening order in Europe was further threatened from external sources. Muslim invaders established a prevailing presence by establishing their…
-
History of the Early Middle Ages
Skilled military leaders with sufficient means began restoring order over the prevailing political turmoil in what had been the territories of the collapsing Roman empire. The Carolingians used their power as mayors of the Franks to eventually elevate themselves to the monarchy. This dynasty arose to rule over what had been ancient Gaul and other…